Sprains and Strains

First Aid Management for Sprains and Strains: Learn the Signs and Symptoms for Effective Management

It can be difficult to tell whether an injury is a fracture, dislocation, sprain or strain. If in doubt, always treat as a fracture. This Sprains and Strains Fact Sheet covers essential first aid steps for managing Sprains and Strains.

Signs & Symptoms:

Sprain

• intense pain
• restricted movement of the
• injured joint
• rapid development of swelling and bruising

Strain

• sharp, sudden pain in the region of the injury
• usually loss of power
• muscle tenderness

What to do when managing Strains and Sprains:

1. Follow DRSABCD.
2. Follow RICER:
   Rest – rest the patient and the injured part
   Ice – apply an ice pack or cold pack for 15 minutes every 2 hours for 24 hours, then for 15 minutes every 4 hours for 24 hours
   Compression – apply a compression bandage firmly to extend well beyond the injury
   Elevation – elevate the injured part.
   Refer – refer them to a medical professional
3. Avoid HARM:
   Heat
   Alcohol
   Running or other exercise of the injured area
   Massage.
4. Seek medical aid.

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